IR size:  10×12 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: Seat patient at end of table with elbow flexed 90 degrees

Part Position: Rotate hand and wrist into lateral position with thumb side up.  Spread fingers and thumb into an OK sign but do not allow the fingers to touch.  It may be easier to use a step wedge filter is available and patient is unable to cooperate

Central Ray: Center at the second MCP joint

SID: 40 inches

Collimation: Collimate on all sides to the outer margins of the hand and wrist. 

Respiration: Patient does not need to hold their respiration for this projection

IR size: 14×17 inches

Shielding: Shield gonadal area when possible, but do not obscure view pubic symphysis.

Patient Position: Instruct patient to stand erect.

Part Position: Ensure midsagittal plane is center to the film. Also ensure there is no rotation of the shoulders and pelvis.

Central Ray: Center two inches above level of the iliac crests.

SID: 40″

Collimation: Only collimate if you are sure you will not cut off anatomy. On most adult patients you will not collimate.

Respiration: patient should hold respiration during expiration.

IR size: 14×17 inches

Shielding: Shield gonadal area when possible, but do not obscure view pubic symphysis.

Patient Position: Instruct patient to lay in the lateral position, (usually left lateral) mark the side up.

Part Position: Ensure midsagittal plane is center to the film. Also ensure there is no rotation of the shoulders and pelvis.

Central Ray: Center at the level of the iliac crests. Two inches above the crest if diaphragm is desired.

SID: 40″

Collimation: Only collimate if you are sure you will not cut off anatomy. On most adult patients you will not collimate.

Respiration: patient should hold respiration during expiration.

IR size: 14×17 inches

Shielding: Shield gonadal area when possible, but do not obscure view pubic symphysis.

Patient Position: Instruct patient to lay supine.

Part Position: Ensure midsagittal plane is center to the film. Also ensure there is no rotation of the shoulders and pelvis.

Central Ray: Center at the level of the iliac crests.

SID: 40″

Collimation: Only collimate if you are sure you will not cut off anatomy. On most adult patients you will not collimate.

Respiration: patient should hold respiration during expiration.

IR size: 14×17 inches

Shielding: Gonadal shielding may be used on males

Patient Position: Supine with midsagittal plane centered to the center of the table. Place arms at patients side away from body, Legs should be extended and can be flexed at the knee if this postion is more comfortable for the patient.

Part Position: Ensure no rotation of the pelvis and shoulders. 

Central Ray: Center to the midsagittal plane at the level of iliac crests

SID: 72 inches

Collimation: Collimate closely on sides to skin margins

Respiration: Make exposure at the end of expiration

IR size: 10×12 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: Instruct patient to lay supine. Patient can dorsiflex foot is no pain is being felt.

Part Position: ensure the patients foot and ankle are in true AP and the lower leg is not rotated.

Central Ray: Center in between malleoli

SID: 40 inches

Collimation: Collimate to lateral skin margins, include half of metatarsals and the distal tibia and fibula.

Respiration: patient does not hold respiration.

IR size: 10×12 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: This can be done erect or supine on the table whichever will be easier for the patient.

Part Position: Make sure the patients shoulders are in contact with the bucky then center to mid-clavicle.

Central Ray: Angle the tube 15-30 degrees cephalic. Center to mid-clavicle

SID: 40 inches

Collimation: Collimate on all four sides if possible, do not collimate off either joint.

Respiration: Suspend respiration

IR size: 14×17 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: Patient is usually supine on cart, if patient is able raise the head of the bed to at least semi-erect position.  Roll patients shoulders forward

Part Position: Place IR behind patient, aligning the top of the IR 1.5 to 2 inches above shoulder.

Central Ray: Center to midsagittal plane at level of T7, Angle the tube to match the long axis of the sternum and ensure the IR is perpendicular to the tube

SID: 72 inches

Collimation: On small patients you can collimate on all four sides

Respiration: Exposure made while patients is holding breath on second full inspiration

IR size: 10×12 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: This can be done erect or supine on the table whichever will be easier for the patient.

Part Position: Make sure the patients shoulders are in contact with the bucky then center to mid-clavicle.

Central Ray: mid-clavicle

SID: 40 inches

Collimation: Collimate on all four sides if possible, do not collimate off either joint.

Respiration: Suspend respiration

IR size:  10×12 inches

Shielding: Lead shield around waist

Patient Position: Seat patient at end of table and have them extend their arm fully with the palm facing up.  Ensure the arm, hand, and shoulder are all on the same plane

Part Position: align the eblow to be in the center of the IR and ensure the epicondyles are parallel to the IR to ensure a proper AP projection.

Central Ray: Center directly at the elbow joint

SID: 40 inches

Collimation: Collimate on all sides of the arm

Respiration: Patient does not need to hold their respiration for this projection