How many pairs of ribs are true ribs and how many pairs of ribs are false ribs? Also which pairs of ribs are often referred to as floating ribs?
Answer pairs 1-7 are true ribs, pairs 8-12 are false ribs because they do not directly connect to the sternum. The 11th and 12th pairs are also called floating ribs because they have no anterior attachment.
What flexure do you see during a BE in the RAO position?
Answer: AO positions show the downside flexure. In the RAO it would be hepatic flexure
Which sections of the large intestine are anterior and which sections are posterior.
Answer: Anterior portions are transverse and sigmoid. The posterior sections are the ascending and decending portion.
If you increase the packing density of silver halide crystals what does it do to density and resolution?
Answer: It will increase the density of the radiograph and also increase resolution because the silver halide crystals must be smaller to increase packing density.
What are the five interactions with matter that can occur? Also out of the five only 3 are applied to radiography can you name them?
Answer:
1) Classical
2) Compton
3) Photoelectric
4) Pair Production
5) Photodisentegration
Numbers 1-3 are the only ones that are useable in radiography. The energy required for 4 and 5 is much to great to be used.
What is the anode target primarily made of and why?
Answer: The target is made with tungsten, the three main reasons why it is used is because, 1 it has a high melting point, 2 it dissapates heat almost as effectiently as copper, and 3 because it has a high atomic number it makes effecient x-rays.
X-Rays exhibit a phenomenon known as wave-particle duality, what does this mean?
Answer: Wave-particle duality means the photons exhibit behaviors of both waves and particles. However X-rays do act more like particles than waves.
When positioning for a waters which line should be parallel with the CR. Also when critiqueing the radiograph where should the petreous ridges be placed.
Answer: the mentomeatal line (MML) should be parallel with the CR and when looking at the radiograph the petreous ridges should be just below the maxillary sinuses.
How much do you oblique a patient when positioning for sacroiliac joints? Also is the side of interest elevated or down on the table?
Answer: The patient must be obliqued 25-30 degrees for posterior obliques. Also the side that is elevated is the side where the SI joint is opened.
Trauma Lateral Hip and Pelvis (Danelius-Miller Method)
IR size: 14×17 inches
Shielding: Shield gonadal area when possible, but do not obscure view of the hip.
Patient Position: Patient must be in supine.
Part Position: Flex unaffected leg so that it is up out of the way and out of the collation field. You may be able to rest the unaffected leg on the collmator but make sure it is cool to the touch to prevent burning the patient. Place cassette so it is just superior to the iliac crest and then make sure it is parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to the CR.
Central Ray: perpendicular o the femoral neck.
SID: 40
Collimation: Collimate on all 4 sides but ensure you include orthopedic hardware when present.
Respiration: patient should hold respiration during exposure.
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